Willingham’s purpose in this article is to inform the reader about the effects of multitasking while doing tasks that require your full attention. Also, his purpose is to persuade the reader not to multitask during activities such as driving and studying. Willingham’s audience for this article are people who tend to multitask a lot. Especially people who use their phones while they drive. Willingham believes that in some ways and in some situations it is okay to multitask. But, in activities that require your full attention, it is not okay to multitask. The overall effectiveness of Willingham’s op-ed is persuasive because he gives reasons for why you shouldn’t multitask and with his reasons he gives evidence. He is trying to persuade the reader to avoid multitasking while doing tasks that require your full attention such as driving and studying.